Question 1

Chapman and Chapman had university students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

Accepted Answer

A)   if students or clinicians expected a particular association, they perceived it, regardless of whether the data was supportive.
B)   students and clinicians only saw relationships that were indeed supported by the data.
C)   professional clinicians were more accurate than students in assessing relationships.
D)   students and clinicians only recognized positive relationships if the actual correlations were greater than .75.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Explain socially constructed disorders and discuss with respect to premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Accepted Answer

Socially constructed disorders are condi...

Question 3

Compared to nondepressed people, depressed people are more likely to attribute their failures and setbacks to causes that are

Accepted Answer

A)   unstable.
B)   specific.
C)   internal.
D)   situational.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Explaining life events in terms of factors that are stable, global, and internal is a ___________ explanatory style.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative
B)   positive
C)   realistic
D)   repressiveE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following does not belong?

Accepted Answer

A)   negative explanatory style
B)   external attribution
C)   global attribution
D)   stable attributionE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

According to the text, an important implication of the research on illusory thinking is that

Accepted Answer

A)   intuition really has no legitimate place in doing science.
B)   the scientific method is the only legitimate way to answer significant human questions.
C)   research psychologists must test their preconceptions before propounding them as truth.
D)   the conventional wisdom is almost always wrong.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Snyder and Swann gave interviewers some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often test for a trait by

Accepted Answer

A)   asking those being tested for a general self-evaluation.
B)   looking for information that will contradict it.
C)   looking for information that will confirm it.
D)   All of these choices.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

According to the text, marriage enhances happiness for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)   it provides regular sex to both partners
B)   it provides financial security
C)   it provides multiple roles (e.g., spouse, parent)  that can contribute to self-esteem
D)   it provides companionshipE) A) and C)
F) B) and D) C

Question 9

Mildly depressed people are more vulnerable to ________________, even after controlling for differences in smoking and other disease-related factors.

Accepted Answer

A)   cancer
B)   heart disease
C)   chronic pain
D)   pneumoniaE) B) and C)
F) A) and C) B

Question 10

Lewinsohn and colleagues (1985) , based on their results, assert that

Accepted Answer

A)   depression is both a cause and a consequence of negative cognitions.
B)   happiness seems best pursued by focusing not on oneself but beyond oneself.
C)   both A and B.
D)   none of these choices.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Alcohol may reduce social anxiety at a party because it

Accepted Answer

A)   makes people happy.
B)   leads to serious health consequences.
C)   restricts people's ability to think about their internal states.
D)   distracts people's attention away from concerns such as school assignments.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Farah goes to a therapist to seek help with memory problems for periods of her childhood. Her therapist tells Farah that gaps in childhood memory are frequently evidence of child sexual abuse. Her therapist interprets her existing memories, memory loss, and behaviours as evidence of past abuse. The therapist is likely engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)   after-the-fact explanations.
B)   the confirmation bias.
C)   overconfidence bias.
D)   the abuse-excuse effect.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

"Explanatory style" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the complexity of one's persuasive arguments.
B)   one's habitual way of explaining life events.
C)   the pitch and speed with which one communicates.
D)   whether one relies primarily on reason or emotion in debating an issue.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioural medicine defines

Accepted Answer

A)   clinical psychology
B)   psychiatry
C)   behavioural analysis
D)   health psychologyE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Steele and Josephs found that ___________ and they called this effect ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   anxious laboratory rats will keep drinking alcohol until they die; counter-productive alcohol consumption
B)   people who are drunk often focus on the most notable environmental cue; alcohol myopia
C)   people who are drunk often focus on an inconspicuous detail of their environment; alcohol myopia
D)   people who are drunk often focus on the most notable environmental cue; counter-productive alcohol consumptionE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

What is the link between social support and health? Why is confiding in others important? Discuss research findings in your response.

Accepted Answer

The link between social support and heal...

Question 17

The vicious cycle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

Accepted Answer

A)   self-focus and self-blame.
B)   depressed mood.
C)   further negative experiences.
D)   blaming others for the negative experience.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Research suggests that when __________________ is filtered through a negative explanatory style, the frequent outcome is _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-blame; the fundamental attribution error.
B)   stress-induced rumination; depression.
C)   positive feedback; thought pattern adjustment.
D)   self-consciousness; bipolar depression.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following questions do social and clinical psychology seeks answers to?

Accepted Answer

A)   How can the ways in which we think about self and others feed such problems as depression, loneliness, anxiety and ill health?
B)   How do environmental issues affect the self?
C)   How does our genetic composition affect our social structures?
D)   How can we change our genetic orientations?E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Ingrid and a friend of Ingrid's sometimes notice that they often feel terrific the day after their menstrual periods end. They've discussed this with each other a few times. What is the most likely explanation for their observations?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ingrid and her friend have postmenstrual syndrome.
B)   Ingrid and her friend are simply not noticing instances that confirm their beliefs.
C)   Ingrid and her friend are simply noticing instances that confirm their beliefs.
D)   Ingrid and her friend have premenstrual syndrome.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above C

Exam 14: Social Psychology in the Clinic

Chapman and Chapman had university students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

Correct Answer
verified

Explain socially constructed disorders and discuss with respect to premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Socially constructed disorders are condi...
View Answer

Compared to nondepressed people, depressed people are more likely to attribute their failures and setbacks to causes that are

Correct Answer
verified

Explaining life events in terms of factors that are stable, global, and internal is a ___________ explanatory style.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following does not belong?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the text, an important implication of the research on illusory thinking is that

Correct Answer
verified

Snyder and Swann gave interviewers some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often test for a trait by

Correct Answer
verified

According to the text, marriage enhances happiness for which of the following reasons?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Mildly depressed people are more vulnerable to ________________, even after controlling for differences in smoking and other disease-related factors.

Correct Answer
verified
B

Lewinsohn and colleagues (1985) , based on their results, assert that

Correct Answer
verified

Alcohol may reduce social anxiety at a party because it

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

"Explanatory style" refers to

Correct Answer
verified

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioural medicine defines

Correct Answer
verified

Steele and Josephs found that _ and they called this effect __.

Correct Answer
verified

What is the link between social support and health? Why is confiding in others important? Discuss research findings in your response.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The link between social support and heal...
View Answer

The vicious cycle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

Correct Answer
verified

Research suggests that when ____ is filtered through a negative explanatory style, the frequent outcome is _.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following questions do social and clinical psychology seeks answers to?

Correct Answer
verified

Ingrid and a friend of Ingrid's sometimes notice that they often feel terrific the day after their menstrual periods end. They've discussed this with each other a few times. What is the most likely explanation for their observations?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Exam 14: Social Psychology in the Clinic

Chapman and Chapman had university students and professional clinicians study the relationship between patients' test performances and diagnoses. They found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain socially constructed disorders and discuss with respect to premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISocially constructed disorders are condi...View AnswerShow Answer

Compared to nondepressed people, depressed people are more likely to attribute their failures and setbacks to causes that are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explaining life events in terms of factors that are stable, global, and internal is a ___________ explanatory style.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not belong?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, an important implication of the research on illusory thinking is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Snyder and Swann gave interviewers some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often test for a trait by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, marriage enhances happiness for which of the following reasons?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Mildly depressed people are more vulnerable to ________________, even after controlling for differences in smoking and other disease-related factors.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Lewinsohn and colleagues (1985) , based on their results, assert that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alcohol may reduce social anxiety at a party because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Explanatory style" refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioural medicine defines

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Steele and Josephs found that ___________ and they called this effect ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the link between social support and health? Why is confiding in others important? Discuss research findings in your response.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe link between social support and heal...View AnswerShow Answer

The vicious cycle of depression is usually triggered by negative experiences that lead directly to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that when __________________ is filtered through a negative explanatory style, the frequent outcome is _______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following questions do social and clinical psychology seeks answers to?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ingrid and a friend of Ingrid's sometimes notice that they often feel terrific the day after their menstrual periods end. They've discussed this with each other a few times. What is the most likely explanation for their observations?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Socially constructed disorders are condi...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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C

Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Steele and Josephs found that _ and they called this effect __.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The link between social support and heal...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Research suggests that when ____ is filtered through a negative explanatory style, the frequent outcome is _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C