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What conclusion can be drawn from research on abundance cycles of Canadian lynx and snowshoe hare?


A) A simple predator-prey model explains the results.
B) A simple plant-herbivore model explains the results.
C) Raptor activity has no effect on the outcome.
D) Complex variables are involved.
E) Manipulation of experimental plots stopped cyclic changes in population densities.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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Parasites impact host populations by


A) draining nutrients from hosts.
B) making hosts more vulnerable to predation.
C) lowering birth rates and raising death rates.
D) causing sterility
E) all of these.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Niche refers to the


A) home range of an animal.
B) preferred habitat for an organism.
C) functional role of a species in a community.
D) territory occupied by a species.
E) feeding levels of a species.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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The weakest symbiotic association, in which one species simply lives better in the presence of another species is


A) commensalism.
B) competitive exclusion.
C) mutualism.
D) facultative obligate mutualism.
E) parasitism.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The reason why twelve species of fruit-eating pigeons can survive in Papua New Guinea's tropical rain forests is related to


A) mutualistic associations.
B) commensalism.
C) resource partitioning.
D) mutualistic associations and resource partitioning
E) mutualistic associations, commensalism, and resource partitioning.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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All of the populations of different species that occupy and are adapted to a given area are


A) the biosphere.
B) a community.
C) an ecosystem.
D) a niche.
E) an ecotone.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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The sting of imported fire ants can cause


A) fluid filled pustules that are slow to heal.
B) nausea.
C) dizziness.
D) death.
E) all of these.

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following are parasites? Which of the following are parasites?   A) some pathogensi B) a few birds C) a few plants D) some flatworms and roundworms E) all of these


A) some pathogensi
B) a few birds
C) a few plants
D) some flatworms and roundworms
E) all of these

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Which one of the following is the final consequence of one or more of the others?


A) resource partitioning
B) competition
C) predation
D) parasitism
E) parasitoidism

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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The animal in the above figure is using __________ for protection.


A) mimicry
B) display behavior
C) warning coloration
D) chemical defenses
E) camouflage

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Gause's exclusion principle refers to


A) isolation.
B) competition. Gause's exclusion principle refers to A) isolation. B) competition.   C) habitat preference. D) physiological adaptation. E) niche removal.
C) habitat preference.
D) physiological adaptation.
E) niche removal.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which bird is a social parasite and lays its eggs in the nests of other birds?


A) catbird
B) cowbird
C) magpie
D) Kirtland warbler
E) blue jay

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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