Question 1

Which of the following is a function of electroreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)   to repolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates postsynaptic potential
B)   to depolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates postsynaptic potential
C)   to depolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates action potential
D)   to repolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates action potentialE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Identify each lettered cell in the human eye shown. 
-cone

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered cell in the human...

Question 3

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. 
-ciliary body

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the human...

Question 4

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-detect an increase in pressure against the skin

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanoreceptors
B)  photoreceptors
C)  chemoreceptors
D)  thermoreceptors
E)  nociceptorsF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

Which of these structures aid in saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

A)   non-myelinated axons
B)   synapses
C)   myelinated axons
D)   dendritesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Match each term with its description.
-graded potential

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane
B)  subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron
C)  membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated
D)  subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron
E)  abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarizationF) minimum membrane potential required to form an action potentialG) any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additiveH) C) and F)
I) All of the above

Question 7

What type of neuron directly stimulates a muscle or gland?

Accepted Answer

A)   efferent neuron
B)   interneuron
C)   afferent neuron
D)   sensory neuronE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following are features of cones and rods?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cones respond to particular wavelengths (colours) ; rods perceive light at low intensity without colour perception.
B)   Cones perceive light at low intensities without colour perception; rods respond to particular wavelengths (colours) .
C)   Cones are more sensitive to single photons of light than are rods.
D)   Humans have approximately equal numbers of cones and rods, but the cones are localized primarily in the fovea.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

For which of these axons might you expect action potential propagation to be the fastest?

Accepted Answer

A)   a myelinated axon with a large diameter
B)   an unmyelinated axon with a small diameter
C)   a myelinated axon with a small diameter
D)   a myelinated axon of any diameterE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 10

Match each term with its definition.
-reflex

Accepted Answer

A)  loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry
B)  cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid
C)  efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control
D)  neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection
E)  carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structuresF) composed of the midbrain, pons, and medullaG) associated with the ability to speakH) A) and D)
I) D) and G)

Question 11

Which of the following comprise a fish's lateral line, which allows it to detect vibrations and water currents?

Accepted Answer

A)   stereocilia
B)   statoliths
C)   statocysts
D)   neuromastsE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Vesicles containing neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft when levels of which of these ions rise within the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ca2+
B)   Na+
C)   H+
D)   Cl-E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-occurs due to the diffusion of Na+

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization
B)  repolarization
C)  hyperpolarizationD) A) and B)
E) All of the above

Question 14

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-perceive temperature changes on the body's surface

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanoreceptors
B)  photoreceptors
C)  chemoreceptors
D)  thermoreceptors
E)  nociceptorsF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following is involved in abstract reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)   the right hemisphere in most people
B)   the left hemisphere in most people
C)   the left hemisphere in all people
D)   the right hemisphere in all peopleE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Match each term with its definition.
-amacrine cells

Accepted Answer

A)  single units of a compound eye
B)  allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation
C)  structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates
D)  reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed
E)  commonly known as the eardrumF) specialized receptors that detect electrical fieldsG) viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lensH) responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the headI) process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potentialJ) cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cellsK) dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environmentL) calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the headM) a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle earN) process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eyeO) family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinalP) photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alikeQ) clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eyeR) cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each otherS) where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brainT) detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body positionU) small region in the retina where cones are concentratedV) specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoingW) the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortexX) hollow sensory bristles in insectsY) O) and X)
Z) F) and J)

Question 17

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-an EPSP

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization
B)  repolarization
C)  hyperpolarizationD) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 18

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-occurs when a membrane potential becomes more negative than its resting membrane potential

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization
B)  repolarization
C)  hyperpolarizationD) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

Question 19

In humans, which neurons are composed of the greatest number of cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   motor neurons
B)   efferent neurons
C)   interneurons
D)   afferent neuronsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

What organic macromolecules allow myelinated sheaths to act as electrical insulators?

Accepted Answer

A)   proteins
B)   lipids
C)   carbohydrates
D)   nucleic acidsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 45: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -occurs when a membrane potential becomes more negative than its resting membrane potential

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Match each term with its description. -graded potential

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Which of the following comprise a fish's lateral line, which allows it to detect vibrations and water currents?

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Which of the following is involved in abstract reasoning?

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Vesicles containing neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft when levels of which of these ions rise within the axon terminal?

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Match each term with its definition. -reflex

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In humans, which neurons are composed of the greatest number of cells?

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Which of these structures aid in saltatory conduction?

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Match each term with its definition. -amacrine cells

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What type of neuron directly stimulates a muscle or gland?

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For which of these axons might you expect action potential propagation to be the fastest?

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What organic macromolecules allow myelinated sheaths to act as electrical insulators?

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Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -occurs due to the diffusion of Na+

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Which of the following are features of cones and rods?

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Which of the following is a function of electroreceptors?

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Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -perceive temperature changes on the body's surface

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Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -detect an increase in pressure against the skin

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Identify each lettered cell in the human eye shown. -cone

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Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -an EPSP

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Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. -ciliary body

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Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -occurs due to the diffusion of Na⁺

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