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St. Francis of Assisi's crowning ideal for religious life was ____________________.

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The Popes originally involved in the Great Schism were


A) Boniface and Innocent.
B) Frances and Dominic.
C) Urban and Clement.
D) Philip and Boniface.
E) Clement and Dominic.

F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

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During the Great Schism, the English and the Germans mostly supported Urban because


A) they feared the reforms advocated by Clement.
B) he had little affinity for the French.
C) the Scots supported Clement.
D) they believed him to truly be God's choice.
E) he promised to break the hold of the French on the Church.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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A positive outcome of the Black Death was


A) the development of the earliest mass factories.
B) the opening of the guilds to a wider segment of society.
C) the cities becoming less crowded.
D) the beginning of city planning.
E) the development of a greater free market economy in numerous cities.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Which of these served to "level" members of society as a result of the Hundred Years' War?


A) longbows
B) armored knights
C) the cannon
D) both a and b
E) both a and c

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Control of the wool trade in ____________________ is said to have been an economic issue leading up to the Hundred Years' War.

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Explain how the great disasters of the 14th century acted as catalysts for social change. Discuss specific events and their repercussions.

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The great disasters of the 14th century,...

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John Ball was actively involved in


A) hunting down heretics.
B) Defensor Pacis.
C) the Council of Constance.
D) the Lollard Rebellion.
E) the Avignon conspiracy.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Heretics in southern France espoused beliefs based on the religion of ____________________.

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The overall purpose of the trade guilds was


A) to raise wages for journeymen.
B) to stimulate trade.
C) to foster artistic expression.
D) to encourage competition.
E) to ensure economic success for its members.

F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

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After the Hundred Years' War, the most important element in battles would become


A) the longbow, which kept combatants at a greater distance from each other.
B) the cavalry, which could maneuver better than other fighting units.
C) the element of surprise, which would lead to preemptive strikes.
D) hand to hand combat, resulting in more aftereffects among the survivors.
E) the infantry, due to the fact that individuals could forage off the land if necessary.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The Council of Constance achieved its goal of


A) settling the issue of who was the rightful Pope.
B) reforming the Catholic Church.
C) eliminating several specific heresies.
D) ridding the Church of corruption.
E) keep the Papacy in Avignon.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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During the 14th and 15th centuries, European Christian art revealed a fascination with death, probably because


A) Islam and Christianity were at war in parts of Europe.
B) the Black Death had caused morbid fascination with the subject.
C) Christians, unlike Muslims, could create art that showed the human form.
D) they believed that many more might have to die to appease a vengeful God.
E) All of these are equally valid reasons.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following was not a consequence of the Black Death in European affairs?


A) A severe labor shortage
B) Preoccupation with death and guilt
C) Heightened sensitivity to the natural world
D) An increased readiness to rebel against the peasants' lords
E) Declining tax revenues

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The first Pope to reside in France rather than Rome was ____________________ ____________________.

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The Black Death, which is carried by ____________________, arrived in Europe via trading ships from ____________________.

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In the aftermath of the plague,


A) the volume of trade increased somewhat.
B) controls were placed on wages and prices.
C) survivors became healthier and more prosperous.
D) tax revenues increased.
E) serfdom became more common.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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Discuss the significant forces that generated change in Medieval society, and assess the implications of those changes.

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The Medieval period was a time of signif...

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During the Babylonian Captivity, Popes were under the control/influence of ____________________.

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During what climatologists call the Little Ice Age,


A) people in much of northern Europe migrated southward.
B) the climate changed dramatically, with much of Europe experiencing colder, drier summers.
C) Europeans were forced to develop ways to use marginal lands such as marshes.
D) Europe experienced about five centuries of a colder, wetter climate.
E) the changed climate hit Europe especially hard during the 1400s.

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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