Question 1

When a child experiences cognitive equilibrium, his or her schemas match the outside world and represent it clearly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What is the function of the central executive part of working memory?

Accepted Answer

The central executive determines what is important to attend to, combines new information with information already in working memory, and selects and applies strategies for manipulating the information in order to understand it, make decisions, and solve problems.

Question 3

Infants tend to categorize less inclusive levels (e.g., types of animals) before they categorize at more inclusive levels (e.g., animals).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

How do infants who are considered to be quick learners perform on habituation tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants who learn quickly look away from an unchanging stimulus more quickly.
B)   Infants who learn quickly stare at an unchanging stimulus longer.
C)   Infants who learn quickly look away from a stimulus that changes frequently more quickly.
D)   Infants who learn quickly prefer stimuli they have seen more often over new stimuli.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Recent research on the A-not-B error suggests that the reason 10-month-olds fail to recover the hidden toy is not because they lack object permanence but instead:

Accepted Answer

A)  They have immature visual systems.
B)   They have an immature motor system.
C)   They lack logical thinking.
D)   They lack symbolic thinking.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Which statement is true regarding attention and memory in infancy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants show more attentiveness to static than dynamic stimuli because they have difficulty focusing on dynamic stimuli.
B)   Infants show more attentiveness to dynamic than static stimuli.
C)   Infant attentiveness is not directly associated with cognition.
D)   Infants are born with memory skills equal to adults.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Trevor is an infant who is happily playing with a toy train. His father picks him up for his nap. Trevor fusses because he wants his train. His father takes the train and puts it under the blanket on the floor. Trevor doesn't look for the train and lets his father take him to his room to nap. According to Piaget, what cognitive concept is Trevor not yet capable of?

Accepted Answer

A)   Habituation
B)   Dishabituation
C)   Object permanence
D)   AccommodationE) B) and C)
F) A) and B) C

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true regarding children's ability to learn words?

Accepted Answer

A)   A toddler may increase his or her vocabulary from 50 words to over 400 words within a couple of weeks.
B)   Children tend to start out using overextension and then progress to using underextension more often.
C)   Word acquisition tends to happen in sudden spurts for most children.
D)   Children's vocabulary spurt occurs around the age of 4 when they are typically in a formal education setting.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

In which sensorimotor substage are infants capable of deferred imitation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions
B)   Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions
C)   Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions
D)   Substage 6: Mental RepresentationsE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Core knowledge is a concept that occurs during Piaget's sensorimotor substage of tertiary circular reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

When infants are assessed on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III, it is common for their performance to vary considerably from one test session to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Newborn infants and adults have the same duration of sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

A)   Down!
B)   Daddy home.
C)   Ba-ba-ba-ba.
D)   Ohhhhhhhhh.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

"Out of sight is out of mind" is a phrase consistent with the inability to understand object permanence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What other area of development is influenced by an infant's ability to understand object permanence?

Accepted Answer

A)   The ability to control emotional outbursts.
B)   The ability to advance fine motor skills.
C)   The ability to learn language.
D)   The ability to advance gross motor skills.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is not an example of an individual's earliest schemas?

Accepted Answer

A)   Baby Katy plays peekaboo with her mother.
B)   Baby Katy sucks on her bottle and drinks when it is put in her mouth.
C)   Baby Katy moves her arms and legs as if swimming when put in water.
D)   Baby Katy sneezes when she gets dust in her nose.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Mary is a newborn that has been observed looking longer at a ball that bumps into another ball which then rolls onto the floor than she does at a ball bumping into another ball that doesn't move. Which type of theorist would be very interested in this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)   A behaviorist
B)   A core knowledge theorist
C)   An ecologist
D)   A psychoanalystE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Abigail is an infant that crawls over to a box of toys that has 10 items and ignores the box of toys that only has five items. What would a core knowledge theorist conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)   Abigail has early knowledge of numbers.
B)   Abigail is experiencing violation-of-expectation.
C)   Abigail is capable of tertiary circular reactions.
D)   Abigail is capable of mental representation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) A

Question 19

The ability of a child to categorize objects helps advance a child's cognition, but it is not a critical part of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What research technique is used by most core knowledge researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)   Visual preferences
B)   Conservation tasks
C)   Bayley Scales of Infant Development
D)   Naturalistic observationE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

When a child experiences cognitive equilibrium, his or her schemas match the outside world and represent it clearly.

Correct Answer
verified

What is the function of the central executive part of working memory?

Correct Answer
verified
The central executive determines what is important to attend to, combines new information with information already in working memory, and selects and applies strategies for manipulating the information in order to understand it, make decisions, and solve problems.

Infants tend to categorize less inclusive levels (e.g., types of animals) before they categorize at more inclusive levels (e.g., animals).

Correct Answer
verified

How do infants who are considered to be quick learners perform on habituation tasks?

Correct Answer
verified

Recent research on the A-not-B error suggests that the reason 10-month-olds fail to recover the hidden toy is not because they lack object permanence but instead:

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is true regarding attention and memory in infancy?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Which of the following statements is true regarding children's ability to learn words?

Correct Answer
verified

In which sensorimotor substage are infants capable of deferred imitation?

Correct Answer
verified

Core knowledge is a concept that occurs during Piaget's sensorimotor substage of tertiary circular reactions.

Correct Answer
verified

When infants are assessed on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III, it is common for their performance to vary considerably from one test session to another.

Correct Answer
verified

Newborn infants and adults have the same duration of sensory memory.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of telegraphic speech?

Correct Answer
verified

"Out of sight is out of mind" is a phrase consistent with the inability to understand object permanence.

Correct Answer
verified

What other area of development is influenced by an infant's ability to understand object permanence?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not an example of an individual's earliest schemas?

Correct Answer
verified

Mary is a newborn that has been observed looking longer at a ball that bumps into another ball which then rolls onto the floor than she does at a ball bumping into another ball that doesn't move. Which type of theorist would be very interested in this observation?

Correct Answer
verified

Abigail is an infant that crawls over to a box of toys that has 10 items and ignores the box of toys that only has five items. What would a core knowledge theorist conclude?

Correct Answer
verified
A

The ability of a child to categorize objects helps advance a child's cognition, but it is not a critical part of cognitive development.

Correct Answer
verified

What research technique is used by most core knowledge researchers?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

When a child experiences cognitive equilibrium, his or her schemas match the outside world and represent it clearly.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of the central executive part of working memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe central executive determines what is important to attend to, combines new information with information already in working memory, and selects and applies strategies for manipulating the information in order to understand it, make decisions, and solve problems.

Infants tend to categorize less inclusive levels (e.g., types of animals) before they categorize at more inclusive levels (e.g., animals).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do infants who are considered to be quick learners perform on habituation tasks?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent research on the A-not-B error suggests that the reason 10-month-olds fail to recover the hidden toy is not because they lack object permanence but instead:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is true regarding attention and memory in infancy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following statements is true regarding children's ability to learn words?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which sensorimotor substage are infants capable of deferred imitation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Core knowledge is a concept that occurs during Piaget's sensorimotor substage of tertiary circular reactions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When infants are assessed on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III, it is common for their performance to vary considerably from one test session to another.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Newborn infants and adults have the same duration of sensory memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of telegraphic speech?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Out of sight is out of mind" is a phrase consistent with the inability to understand object permanence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What other area of development is influenced by an infant's ability to understand object permanence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not an example of an individual's earliest schemas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary is a newborn that has been observed looking longer at a ball that bumps into another ball which then rolls onto the floor than she does at a ball bumping into another ball that doesn't move. Which type of theorist would be very interested in this observation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Abigail is an infant that crawls over to a box of toys that has 10 items and ignores the box of toys that only has five items. What would a core knowledge theorist conclude?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The ability of a child to categorize objects helps advance a child's cognition, but it is not a critical part of cognitive development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What research technique is used by most core knowledge researchers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The central executive determines what is important to attend to, combines new information with information already in working memory, and selects and applies strategies for manipulating the information in order to understand it, make decisions, and solve problems.

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C

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A

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