A) They claim to represent a particular group or social class.
B) They rely on extensive organizations.
C) They have a weak ideological orientation.
D) They have a strong and influential party-basis.
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) Decreasing formal membership.
B) Decreasing party identification.
C) Increasing competition with interest groups in their function as articulators of interest.
D) Decreasing public subventions.
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Multiple Choice
A) Cadre or elite parties
B) Mass parties
C) Catch all parties
D) Cartel parties
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Multiple Choice
A) Parties of external origin emerged first.
B) Parties of external origin represent a different social group.
C) Parties of external origin enjoy an overall higher turnout.
D) Parties of external origin enjoy a higher degree of professionalization.
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Multiple Choice
A) The number of members divided by the number of voters.
B) The number of representatives divided by the number of voters.
C) The number of representatives divided by the number of members.
D) The number of members divided by the size of the electorate.
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Multiple Choice
A) They try to reduce the stakes of elections.
B) They strengthened professional expertise over political experience.
C) They disempowered party-members.
D) They have a strong ideological orientation.
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Multiple Choice
A) Coordination
B) Contesting elections
C) Representation
D) Recruitment
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Multiple Choice
A) Party membership is due to a membership in another organization.
B) Party membership has to be registered by the government.
C) Party membership is only formally, without active participation.
D) Party membership is inherited.
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Multiple Choice
A) A party will, regardless of its type, always be dominated by its elite.
B) The fact that parties will always depend on the financing by interest groups.
C) The parties tendency to rely on the work of professionals rather than its members.
D) The fact that business-firm parties are often successful in winning elections.
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