Question 1

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement for biking?

Accepted Answer

A)  A cyclist being harassed by motor vehicle drivers.
B)  A cyclist missing a fun morning meeting because the commute took longer than it would have by car.
C)  A cyclist getting an encouraging ""thumbs up"" from a passing motorist.
D)  A cyclist saving parking money by not bringing a car to work.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following is false about intrinsic reinforcers and environmentally responsible behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is difficult to behaviorally engineer intrinsic reinforcers.
B)  People are more likely to maintain environmentally responsible behaviors when the reinforcers are intrinsic rather than extrinsic.
C)  Both intrinsic and extrinsic reinforcers increase environmentally responsible behaviors but in different ways.
D)  Incentives and feedback are effective intrinsic reinforcers of environmentally responsible behavior.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

A punisher is always a punisher and a reinforcer is always a reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

What happened when Schultz, et al. (2007)  provided descriptive normative information on homeowners' energy bills?

Accepted Answer

A)  Higher users reduced their usage to be more consistent with the neighborhood average.
B)  Lower users increased their usage to be more consistent with the neighborhood average.
C)  Both A and B
D)  Neither A nor BE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Behaviorist B.F. Skinner was one of the first psychologists to address the relationship between ecological problems and human behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Researchers in California compared the effectiveness of instructions and modeling to encourage water conservation in campus showers. They found that

Accepted Answer

A)  A sign with instructions was just as effective as the sign accompanied by a confederate modeling the behavior.
B)  Compliance with instructions on the sign increased singificantly with one confederate modeling the behavior, and increased even more when two confederates did so.
C)  Compliance with instructions on the sign declined when confederates were already exhibiting the behavior.
D)  No one paid attention to the sign with instructions, but participants did imitate the behavior modeled by the confederates.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C) B

Question 7

Which of the following is not a drawback to the use of punishing consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment feels unpleasant.
B)  Punishment sometimes elicits negative responses such as aggression.
C)  Punishment makes people feel controlled.
D)  Punishment is generally ineffective at discouraging beahvior.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) D

Question 8

People are innately driven to seek social approval.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Information, modeling, and prompts are examples of _____________ strategies.

Accepted Answer

A)  consequence
B)  antecedent
C)  reinforcement
D)  punishmentE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Researchers have found that people may be more receptive to messages about environmental issues when they come from familiar local figures rather than nationally recognized scientists

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a variable-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement for recycling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receiving a set discount on your monthly services bill after signing up for the city recycling program.
B)  Receiving occasional coupons from the city after signing up for the recycling program.
C)  Receiving $1 off your monthly service bill for every pound of material you recycled that month.
D)  Receiving occasional coupons from the city as long as you put something in your recycling bin each monthE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Persuasive messages are most influential when they are specifically tailored to the intended audience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following common sayings is not reflected in the textbook's discussion of behavioral contingencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  You Catch More Flies with Honey
B)  Timing is Everything
C)  Old Habits Die Hard
D)  Let Sleeping Dogs LieE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Currently, most environmentally responsible behaviors are rewarded by highly prized outcomes such as convenience, social status, comfort, and pleasure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Incentives like rebates and tax breaks are useful to encourage

Accepted Answer

A)  long-lasting environmentally responsible habits.
B)  one-time actions that produce increases in energy efficiency.
C)  the development of more ecologically friendly attitudes and values.
D)  Incentives are useful to encourage all of the above.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 16

In one classic study, New York City residents cut their electricity use significantly more when asked in a letter with New York State Public Service Commission letterhead than when the same letter was sent on stationary from Con Edison, the local utility provider. What was the key factor influencing their responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amount of information in the letter.
B)  Perceived credibility of the sources.
C)  Perceived trustworthiness of the sources.
D)  Perceived authority of the sources.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement for recycling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receiving a set discount on your monthly services bill after signing up for the city recycling program.
B)  Receiving occasional coupons from the city after signing up for the recycling program.
C)  Receiving $1 off your monthly service bill for every pound of material you recycled that month.
D)  Receiving occasional coupons from the city as long as you put something in your recycling bin each monthE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Nolan, et al. (2008)  measured the extent to which four variables predicted people's intentions to conserve energy: desire to save money, desire to protect the environment, desire to benefit society, and beliefs about neighbors' conservation practices. The researchers found that intentions to conserve were _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  better predicted by people's beliefs about their neighbors' behaviors than by their desires to protect the environment or save money.
B)  better predicted by people's desire to protect the environment than by any of the other three variables.
C)  predicted by desires to save money and protect the environment, but not by beliefs about others' behavior or concern for society.
D)  best predicted by people's desire to benefit society in general.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment for biking?

Accepted Answer

A)  A cyclist being harassed by motor vehicle drivers.
B)  A cyclist missing a fun morning meeting because the commute took longer than it would have by car.
C)  A cyclist getting an encouraging ""thumbs up"" from a passing motorist.
D)  A cyclist saving parking money by not bringing a car to work.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

People's behavior is greatly influenced by external forces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: The Power of the Unsustainable Situation

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement for biking?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is false about intrinsic reinforcers and environmentally responsible behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

A punisher is always a punisher and a reinforcer is always a reinforcer.

Correct Answer
verified
False

What happened when Schultz, et al. (2007) provided descriptive normative information on homeowners' energy bills?

Correct Answer
verified

Behaviorist B.F. Skinner was one of the first psychologists to address the relationship between ecological problems and human behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers in California compared the effectiveness of instructions and modeling to encourage water conservation in campus showers. They found that

Correct Answer
verified
B

Which of the following is not a drawback to the use of punishing consequences?

Correct Answer
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D

People are innately driven to seek social approval.

Correct Answer
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Information, modeling, and prompts are examples of _____________ strategies.

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers have found that people may be more receptive to messages about environmental issues when they come from familiar local figures rather than nationally recognized scientists

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of a variable-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement for recycling?

Correct Answer
verified

Persuasive messages are most influential when they are specifically tailored to the intended audience.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following common sayings is not reflected in the textbook's discussion of behavioral contingencies?

Correct Answer
verified

Currently, most environmentally responsible behaviors are rewarded by highly prized outcomes such as convenience, social status, comfort, and pleasure.

Correct Answer
verified

Incentives like rebates and tax breaks are useful to encourage

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement for recycling?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following is an example of positive punishment for biking?

Correct Answer
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People's behavior is greatly influenced by external forces.

Correct Answer
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Exam 5: The Power of the Unsustainable Situation

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement for biking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is false about intrinsic reinforcers and environmentally responsible behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A punisher is always a punisher and a reinforcer is always a reinforcer.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

What happened when Schultz, et al. (2007) provided descriptive normative information on homeowners' energy bills?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behaviorist B.F. Skinner was one of the first psychologists to address the relationship between ecological problems and human behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers in California compared the effectiveness of instructions and modeling to encourage water conservation in campus showers. They found that

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following is not a drawback to the use of punishing consequences?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

People are innately driven to seek social approval.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Information, modeling, and prompts are examples of _____________ strategies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that people may be more receptive to messages about environmental issues when they come from familiar local figures rather than nationally recognized scientists

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of a variable-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement for recycling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Persuasive messages are most influential when they are specifically tailored to the intended audience.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following common sayings is not reflected in the textbook's discussion of behavioral contingencies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Currently, most environmentally responsible behaviors are rewarded by highly prized outcomes such as convenience, social status, comfort, and pleasure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Incentives like rebates and tax breaks are useful to encourage

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement for recycling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment for biking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People's behavior is greatly influenced by external forces.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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False

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B

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D

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