Exam 12: Revolutions and the Reimposition of Order, 1848-1870

A) utopian vision of the future.
B) claim to be scientific.
C) concrete designs for a socialist society.
D) claim to adhere to high moral and ethical standards for society.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) confirmed their hatred of the bourgeois class.
B) proved that capitalism could only survive by shooting laborers in the streets.
C) left them certain that they had escaped a ghastly upheaval.
D) All of these are correct.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) he posed as the people's friend and against the greedy plutocrats of the French parliament.
B) he used the army to seize power, dissolving the parliament.
C) the voters overwhelmingly approved his rule.
D) he executed tens of thousands of opponents.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

Magyar nationalism played a significant ...

View Answer

Show Answer

A) Louis Blanc's idea of a Ministry of Progress.
B) Louis Blanc's idea of a network of "social workshops."
C) a system of National Workshops.
D) a national system of welfare for the poor.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

The Habsburg Empire survived revolution ...

View Answer

Show Answer

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

The outbursts of revolutionary upheaval ...

View Answer

Show Answer

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

The democratically elected Frankfurt Ass...

View Answer

Show Answer

A) based on an upper middle-class electorate.
B) carefully managed to limit opposition to official candidates.
C) sharply contested.
D) completely democratic.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

The economic development of the Second E...

View Answer

Show Answer

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

Napoleon III promoted progress during the Second Empire in several ways. He implemented modernization and infrastructure projects, such as the renovation of Paris with wide boulevards, parks, and public buildings. He also invested in the expansion of the railway network, which facilitated transportation and trade. Additionally, Napoleon III supported industrialization and economic development, encouraging the growth of industries and promoting free trade agreements. He also established social reforms, including the introduction of labor laws and the improvement of public health and education systems. Overall, Napoleon III's policies aimed to modernize and advance France, promoting progress in various aspects of society and the economy during the Second Empire.

A) history, indeed all reality, is necessary, logical, and deterministic.
B) all change comes through the clash of antagonistic elements.
C) material conditions were the primary determinants of social change.
D) history cannot happen any differently from the way it has happened.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) French absolutism, British pragmatism, and German nationalism.
B) French egalitarianism, British liberalism, and Russian despotism.
C) French revolutionism, British Industrial Revolution, and German philosophy.
D) Russian authoritarianism, British industrialism, and German philosophy.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

The Bloody June Days of 1848, often simply referred to as the June Days Uprising, was a significant event in French history that took place from June 23 to June 26, 1848. This event was a key moment in the revolutionary period known as the French Revolution of 1848, which led to the establishment of the French Second Republic. The uprising was primarily a response to the closure of the National Workshops, which were created by the provisional government to provide employment for the masses of unemployed workers in Paris following the February Revolution of 1848. These workshops were not only a source of employment but also a symbol of the social and economic reforms expected from the new republican government. However, due to financial constraints and political pressure from conservatives and moderates who feared the rise of a socialist state, the government decided to shut them down. The closure of the National Workshops triggered widespread discontent among the working class and led to an armed insurrection. The workers, who felt betrayed by the government, erected barricades in the streets of Paris and fought against the National Guard and regular army troops. The government, led by General Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, responded with brutal force to suppress the rebellion. The significance of the Bloody June Days of 1848 lies in several key aspects: 1. Class Conflict: The uprising highlighted the deep social and economic divisions between the working class and the bourgeoisie in France. It was a clear manifestation of class struggle, with workers demanding social justice and more radical reforms than the moderate republicans were willing to implement. 2. Republican Crackdown: The ferocity of the government's response, which included the use of artillery against its own citizens, marked a turning point in the revolution. It demonstrated the willingness of the new republican government to use violence to maintain order and the status quo, undermining the initial revolutionary ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. 3. End of Radical Hopes: The suppression of the uprising marked the end of radical socialist and worker aspirations for the time being. It led to the consolidation of power by more conservative and moderate elements within the government, who would steer the course of the Second Republic towards a more centrist or right-leaning direction. 4. Political Repercussions: The events of the June Days had significant political repercussions, including the rise of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III), who would later become the president and then the emperor of France. The fear of social unrest and the desire for stability among the middle and upper classes contributed to his political success. 5. Death Toll and Exile: The June Days Uprising resulted in a high death toll, with estimates ranging from 3,000 to 10,000 people killed. Additionally, thousands were arrested, with many being sentenced to transportation to penal colonies in Algeria. 6. Historical Legacy: The June Days Uprising became a symbol of the struggle for social justice and the potential for conflict between the working class and the ruling elites. It has been extensively analyzed and debated by historians and political theorists and remains a significant event in the history of social movements and revolutions. In summary, the Bloody June Days of 1848 were significant because they represented a critical juncture in the French Revolution of 1848, where class tensions erupted into open conflict, leading to a violent suppression by the government and shaping the political landscape of France for years to come.

A) consisted of about a dozen nationalities or language groups.
B) all had a distinct sense of cultural and political identity.
C) were dominated by Italians, Romanians, and Croats.
D) were made up of two nationalities or language groups.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) it had not been offered to him by the German princes.
B) it meant a war with France.
C) Russia vetoed his acceptance.
D) the Habsburgs vetoed his acceptance.

Correct Answer

verified

A

A) never before or since has Europe seen so universal an upheaval as in 1848.
B) the nearly simultaneous fall of governments throughout Europe was due in part to an international revolutionary conspiracy.
C) only Russia and Britain escaped revolution in 1848.
D) the revolutions left a legacy of class fears and class conflict.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

The revolutions of 1848 in Europe were c...

View Answer

Show Answer