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Which of the following is a culturally relevant parole hearing for an Indigenous inmate in Ontario who is applying for full parole after serving four months of his 12-month sentence?


A) elder-assisted hearing
B) Indigenous circle hearing
C) cultural advisor-led hearing
D) Indigenous spiritual community hearing

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which term reflects Indigenous people's pervasive poverty, high rates of unemployment, low levels of formal education, substandard housing, high death rates from accidents and violence, all of which may lead to their involvement in the criminal justice and corrections systems?


A) marginalization
B) abject poverty
C) resultant colonization
D) regressive social norms

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which significant issue affects a high percentage of Indigenous women and has led to their interaction with the criminal justice system?


A) the influence of alcohol or drugs
B) committing crimes under peer pressure
C) using crime to cover up their emotional disturbances
D) feelings of rejection by family and friends

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Of the total provincial/territorial inmate population, what percentage are Indigenous people?


A) 17%
B) 26%
C) 37%
D) 47%

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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What was the effect of the R v. Gladue decision on the rate of Indigenous people in correctional institutions?


A) NO effect on their over-representation
B) a minor effect on their over-representation
C) a significant effect on their over-representation
D) The Gladue decision has NOT yet been invoked.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which intervention will best address the violent tendencies of an Indigenous woman who has a history of violent offences and is incarcerated in a federal prison after being convicted of multiple assault charges?


A) Pathways Unit
B) Tupiq Program
C) Pé Sâkâstêw Centre
D) Spirit of a Warrior Program

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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What percentage of youth admissions to youth correctional services are Indigenous people?


A) 13%
B) 18%
C) 28%
D) 33%

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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