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The quantity equation states that


A) the money supply (M) divided by the velocity of money (V) equals the price level (P) divided by real output (Y) , i.e., M/V = P/Y.
B) M × V = P × Y.
C) M + V = P + Y.
D) M - V = P - Y.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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If the Fed wishes to decrease the supply of money and credit,it may sell government securities,raise the discount rate,or lower required reserve ratios.

A) True
B) False

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Suppose Bill Gates deposits $20 million into his checking account at Wells Fargo Bank.If the required reserve ratio is 10 percent,what is the maximum change in money supply?


A) -$200 million
B) -$180 million
C) $2 million
D) $180 million
E) $200 million

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Open market operations refer to the purchase or sale of ________ to control the money supply.


A) corporate bonds and stocks by the Federal Reserve
B) U) S.Treasury securities by the Federal Reserve
C) corporate bonds and stocks by the U.S.Treasury
D) U) S.Treasury securities by the U.S.Treasury

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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In 1913,Congress established the Federal Reserve system with the intention of putting an end to


A) high interest rates.
B) high unemployment rates.
C) inflation.
D) bank panics.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The quantity equation becomes the basis for a theory when we assume that velocity of money is constant.

A) True
B) False

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Suppose that the required reserve ratio is 10 percent and you withdraw $25,000 from Comerica Bank.What is the deposit multiplier? What is the total decrease in deposits in the banking system? What is the change in the money supply?

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The simple deposit multiplier is equal t...

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During the German hyperinflation of the 1920s,the large increases in the money supply were generated by the German government


A) significantly lowering the required reserve ratio to enable German businesses to obtain loans.
B) significantly raising the required reserve ratio to reduce business loans.
C) printing large quantities of German marks.
D) selling large quantities of government bonds to the central bank, the Reichsbank.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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An increase in the purchasing power of money need not lead to an increase in the purchasing power of income,because the falling price level would likely mean falling wages and salaries.

A) True
B) False

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Typically,a bank's largest asset is its


A) reserves.
B) holdings of securities.
C) deposits of its customers.
D) loans.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Liquidity is defined as


A) the ease with which a given asset can be converted to a store of value.
B) the ease with which a given asset can be converted to a unit of account.
C) the ease with which a given asset can be converted to a medium of exchange.
D) the ease with which a given asset can be converted to a standard of deferred payment.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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If a person withdraws $500 from his/her savings account and puts it in his/her checking account,then M1 will ________ and M2 will ________.


A) increase; decrease
B) increase; not change
C) not change; increase
D) not change; decrease
E) not change; not change

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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In an economy with ________,there are more prices than in an economy with ________.


A) barter; money
B) money; barter
C) fiat money; commodity money
D) fiat money; barter

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The statement "This Dell laptop costs $1,200" illustrates which function of money?


A) medium of exchange
B) unit of account
C) store of value
D) standard of deferred payment

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a true statement?


A) excess reserves = actual reserves - required reserves
B) excess reserves = deposits - required reserves
C) excess reserves = deposits - loans
D) excess reserves = loans - required reserves

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Why does the holding of excess reserves by banks and the holding of currency by households and firms cause the real-world deposit multiplier to be less than the simple deposit multiplier?

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If banks hold excess reserves,these rese...

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Why is the real-world deposit multiplier smaller than 1/RR,where RR is the required reserve ratio?

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There are two reasons why the real world...

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When a government has a budget deficit,it must issue (sell)government bonds to finance the deficit.Does it matter for the rate of inflation if the government sells the government bonds to the public or sells the government bonds to the central bank? Explain why it does or does not matter.

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It matters greatly.When the government s...

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Commodity money


A) has value independent of its use as money.
B) has little to no value independent of its use as money.
C) is backed by a valuable commodity such as gold.
D) can be used to purchase commodities, but not services.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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