Question 1

Freud's psychosexual stage theory contains both an oral and anal stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Cutting-edge findings from using fMRI to study children and adults at different ages and stages through the lifespan indicate that temperament ______________ throughout our lives.

Accepted Answer

A)   is relatively stable
B)   is relatively fluid
C)   doesn't affect us
D)   doesn't affect othersE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Dylan is 15 months old. With respect to Dylan's emotional maturity, a developmentalist would predict that Dylan is experiencing a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   explosion of his emotional awareness.
B)   new phase of memory processing.
C)   advances in physical and cognitive development associated with the emergence of adult emotions.
D)   new phase of social development as a result of emotional maturation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

The dimension of infant temperament defined by low shyness, smiling, and activity level is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   negative affectivity.
B)   extraversion/surgency.
C)   effort control.
D)   none of the choicesE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Baby Consuelo often acts differently than other 6-month-old babies. For example, when his mom covers her ears and looks sad at the funeral, Consuelo is happy and giggling and smiling. Based on this description, we can hypothesize that he may be demonstrating delayed or impaired capacity for:

Accepted Answer

A)   emotional regulation.
B)   social referencing.
C)   emotional referencing.
D)   social regulation.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Researchers are not certain about the process of differentiation in infancy, but do agree that infants __________________ self-awareness.

Accepted Answer

A)   are born prepared to develop
B)   require an interpersonal context to develop
C)   are born with predisposed behaviors that scaffold maturation of
D)   none of these choicesE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

the NLYS described ____ dimensions of temperament, while Rothbart revised it to ____ dimensions of temperament.

Accepted Answer

A)   nine; three
B)   three; nine
C)   five; two
D)   two; fiveE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Jeffery and Molly are concerned that their son Marcus is still sucking his thumb at 5 years of age. They are more concerned that Marcus will, in fact, put anything in his mouth. Based on his behavior, we can say that Marcus has a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   anal fixation.
B)   tongue fixation.
C)   oral fixation.
D)   taste fixation.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

Developmentalists continue to debate which emotions are primary emotions and which are secondary. However, there is general agreement that emotions are best measured and assessed by making observations of:

Accepted Answer

A)   vocal tone.
B)   facial expressions.
C)   facial tension.
D)   vocal tension.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Differentiating oneself from a caregiver is a step in the development of:

Accepted Answer

A)   social referencing.
B)   parental differentiating.
C)   self-differentiating.
D)   self-awareness.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

A _______________ is an emotion that is present early in life and is most likely innate.

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary emotion
B)   primary emotion
C)   social smiling
D)   basic emotionE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Freud believed that the ______ was developed during the oral stage and the _______ during the anal stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   ego; id
B)   ego; superego
C)   id; ego
D)   id; superegoE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Self-awareness is an essential step in the development of:

Accepted Answer

A)   emotional regulation.
B)   secondary emotions.
C)   attachment relationships.
D)   social referencing.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Two dimensions of toddler behavior fully describe social style on temperament scales: sociable and shy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Between 6 and 12 months of age, infants become increasingly social and interactive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Gender describes the social values and expectations people have for males and females.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Infants can be classified by their attachment style in one of four categories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

John Bowlby was one of the first developmental scientists to describe the role of attachment in determining healthy versus unhealthy adjustment during the first years of the lifespan.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Bowlby proposed a _____-phase sequence of attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)   two
B)   four
C)   six
D)   eightE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Research suggests that true self-awareness develops between ____ months.

Accepted Answer

A)   3 and 5
B)   14 and 18
C)   10 and 20
D)   22 and 24E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy: The First Two Years

Infants can be classified by their attachment style in one of four categories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

the NLYS described ____ dimensions of temperament, while Rothbart revised it to ____ dimensions of temperament.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Bowlby was one of the first developmental scientists to describe the role of attachment in determining healthy versus unhealthy adjustment during the first years of the lifespan.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gender describes the social values and expectations people have for males and females.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Differentiating oneself from a caregiver is a step in the development of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that true self-awareness develops between ____ months.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dylan is 15 months old. With respect to Dylan's emotional maturity, a developmentalist would predict that Dylan is experiencing a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cutting-edge findings from using fMRI to study children and adults at different ages and stages through the lifespan indicate that temperament ______________ throughout our lives.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two dimensions of toddler behavior fully describe social style on temperament scales: sociable and shy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The dimension of infant temperament defined by low shyness, smiling, and activity level is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Baby Consuelo often acts differently than other 6-month-old babies. For example, when his mom covers her ears and looks sad at the funeral, Consuelo is happy and giggling and smiling. Based on this description, we can hypothesize that he may be demonstrating delayed or impaired capacity for:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-awareness is an essential step in the development of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud believed that the ______ was developed during the oral stage and the _______ during the anal stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jeffery and Molly are concerned that their son Marcus is still sucking his thumb at 5 years of age. They are more concerned that Marcus will, in fact, put anything in his mouth. Based on his behavior, we can say that Marcus has a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers are not certain about the process of differentiation in infancy, but do agree that infants __________________ self-awareness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _______________ is an emotion that is present early in life and is most likely innate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Developmentalists continue to debate which emotions are primary emotions and which are secondary. However, there is general agreement that emotions are best measured and assessed by making observations of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud's psychosexual stage theory contains both an oral and anal stage of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Between 6 and 12 months of age, infants become increasingly social and interactive.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bowlby proposed a _____-phase sequence of attachment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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the NLYS described dimensions of temperament, while Rothbart revised it to dimensions of temperament.

Correct Answer
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Freud believed that the was developed during the oral stage and the _ during the anal stage.

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