Question 1

Most small footprint proton systems have gantry rotation capabilities up to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   90 degrees
B)   180 degrees
C)   270 degrees
D)   360 degreesE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Although several heavy particles may be used therapeutically, proton therapy represents _____% of the particle therapy market in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A)   60
B)   75
C)   88
D)   100E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Patch planning is an approach used when matching two proton fields together based on their __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   energy
B)   field size
C)   fall-off region (penumbra) 
D)   field rangeE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 4

What are the typical therapeutic proton beam energies?

Accepted Answer

A)   6 to 25 MeV
B)   10 to 50 MeV
C)   50 to 250 MeV
D)   300 to 500 MeVE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

What do the results of a clinical study completed at MD Anderson indicate regarding when adaptive planning is strongly indicated?

Accepted Answer

A)   The first week of therapy is completed.
B)   The first day of therapy is completed.
C)   The patient loses significant weight.
D)   A high Z prosthesis is in the beam path.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is the most reliable method for verifying beam clearance before a patient is treated?

Accepted Answer

A)   Utilization of three-dimensional (3
D)  room models
B)   Performance of manual verification
C)   Use of room blueprints and computer plans
D)   Robust review of treatment plansE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

The tumor types treated in the earliest years of proton therapy included those in or near which of the following? (Select two.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Eye
B)   Spine
C)   Brain
D)   LiverE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Who discovered the Bragg peak phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)   William Bragg
B)   Ernest Lawrence
C)   Ernest Rutherford
D)   Robert Rathburn WilsonE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Internal target motion can be accounted for by _____________ the compensator used in proton therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)   smearing
B)   shaving
C)   rotating
D)   waxingE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) is created by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nozzle
B)   Aperture
C)   Compensator
D)   Modulator wheelE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following is one common characteristic for uniform and nonuniform scanning systems that they both are able to do?

Accepted Answer

A)   Can also be called intensity modulated proton therapy
B)   Geometrically cover the tumor volume with one beam
C)   Deliver a uniform dose throughout the tumor with one beam
D)   Incorporate simultaneous boostsE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Protons have an accepted relative biological effect (RBE) value of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   1.1
B)   2.5
C)   3.0
D)   4.0E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

The water equivalent thickness (WET) of an immobilization device used during proton therapy can affect which of the following attributes of the beam?

Accepted Answer

A)   Linear energy transfer
B)   Symmetry
C)   Range
D)   EnergyE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Custom compensators used in proton therapy are often made of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Brass
B)   Steel
C)   Acrylic
D)   TungstenE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

What is one disadvantage of today's synchrocyclotron over the cyclotron?

Accepted Answer

A)   It needs energy degraders.
B)   It can generate variable beam energies.
C)   It has less current producing longer treatment times.
D)   It needs a complex system to extract the beam energy needed.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

What is the shape of the proton beam as it passes through the transport system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Divergent
B)   Conical
C)   Fan-shaped
D)   Pencil thinE) C) and D)
F) None of the above D

Question 17

The proton beam is focused and shaped by devices in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Magnet
B)   Nozzle
C)   Compensator
D)   AcceleratorE) C) and D)
F) A) and D) B

Question 18

An acrylic or wax compensator may be necessary during proton therapy to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Collimate the beam.
B)   Scatter the protons.
C)   Increase surface dose.
D)   Conform dose to the tumor.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Hounsfield units should be converted to correct for particle ___________ when using computed tomography (CT) for proton therapy planning?

Accepted Answer

A)   relative stopping power (RSP) 
B)   nonuniformity
C)   energy fluctuation
D)   Bragg peakE) None of the above
F) A) and C) A

Question 20

In an SOBP proton beam, as depth increases, linear energy transfer (LET) does what?

Accepted Answer

A)   Decreases
B)   Increases
C)   Remains unchangedD) A) and B)
E) All of the above

Exam 16: Particle Therapy

Most small footprint proton systems have gantry rotation capabilities up to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although several heavy particles may be used therapeutically, proton therapy represents _____% of the particle therapy market in the United States.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patch planning is an approach used when matching two proton fields together based on their __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the typical therapeutic proton beam energies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do the results of a clinical study completed at MD Anderson indicate regarding when adaptive planning is strongly indicated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the most reliable method for verifying beam clearance before a patient is treated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tumor types treated in the earliest years of proton therapy included those in or near which of the following? (Select two.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who discovered the Bragg peak phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Internal target motion can be accounted for by _____________ the compensator used in proton therapy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) is created by which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is one common characteristic for uniform and nonuniform scanning systems that they both are able to do?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Protons have an accepted relative biological effect (RBE) value of which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The water equivalent thickness (WET) of an immobilization device used during proton therapy can affect which of the following attributes of the beam?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Custom compensators used in proton therapy are often made of which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one disadvantage of today's synchrocyclotron over the cyclotron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the shape of the proton beam as it passes through the transport system?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The proton beam is focused and shaped by devices in which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

An acrylic or wax compensator may be necessary during proton therapy to do which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hounsfield units should be converted to correct for particle ___________ when using computed tomography (CT) for proton therapy planning?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

In an SOBP proton beam, as depth increases, linear energy transfer (LET) does what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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