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Exam 12: Processes Of Evolution

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Question 1

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Heterozygotes for the sickle cell trait have an adaptive advantage in areas where malaria is prevalent.This is an example of ____.

A) a fixed allele
B) genetic drift
C) a balanced polymorphism
D) sexual selection
E) disruptive selection

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Question 2

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A major change in evolutionary patterns over long periods of time is best described as ____.

A) macroevolution
B) microevolution
C) allopatric speciation
D) directional selection
E) sympatric speciation

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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Question 3

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In a population of rabbits,those able to outrun predators will survive to reproduce,eventually leading to a population of faster rabbits.This is an example of ____ selection.

A ____ is a structural modification that enables an individual to exploit their habitat more efficiently.

Fatter sociable weaver birds spend more time foraging where they are vulnerable to predation,are more attractive to predators,and are less likely to escape an attack.Conversely,thin birds risk starvation.Therefore,sociable weaver of an intermediate weight have a selective advantage.This is an example of ____ selection.

Match the evolutionary concepts correctly with the correct description or example.Some choices may be used more than once. -A change in allele frequencies in a population that does not result from adaptation or natural selection.

A cladogram can be viewed as "sets within sets" of derived traits.Which features distinguish the clade containing mice and humans from the other clades in this cladogram?                                           

In the universal ABO blood grouping system,there are four phenotypes - A,B,AB,and O - which are determined by three different alleles.The presence of three alleles in the ABO blood grouping system is an example of ____.

A group of organisms sharing a derived trait is known as a ____.

Peahens prefer to mate with peacocks that have the brightest and largest tail displays.The peacock's tail is a disadvantage to the males,because it is large and cumbersome and hinders them from escaping from predators.Given these facts,why isn't the peacock's tail selected against by natural selection?  

Natural selection drives changes in allele frequencies by influencing traits with a ____ basis.

Traits with more than two distinct forms are ____.

For each statement, select the genetic evolutionary concept that best represents the description. -Change in allele frequency due to chance alone.

In 2000,87% of the wild rat populations in Stadtlohn,Germany was resistant to the poison bromadiolone.This indicates that ____was/were commonly used as a rat poison(s) here,and the rat's resistance is an example of ____ selection.

Phylogeny is most analogous to a ____.

Match the evolutionary concepts correctly with the correct description or example.Some choices may be used more than once. -Large antlers are energetically costly and may get stuck on branches,but females prefer to mate with bucks with the largest antlers.

The graphs below show the frequency of the b+ allele over twenty generations in two populations of heterozygous flour beetles (data for a population of ten individuals is shown in graph A; data for a population of one hundred individuals is shown in graph B) .Why does the frequency of the b+ allele increase in both populations?

The process of speciation always includes ____ isolation.

Match the evolutionary concepts correctly with the correct description or example.Some choices may be used more than once. -The migration of bison from one herd to another results in this.

For each statement, select the best choice that represents the description given. -the presence of antlers on male deer but not on female deer